Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 174
There is no beautiful fairyland for him, for all these fanciful beings who haunt the mountains, the plains, and the rivers, are either actively malevolent, or mischievous and addicted to playing pranks.
Who acts: beautiful fairyland, fanciful beings, rivers · What happens: be, haunt, addict, play · To what, where: mountains, pranks
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beautiful fairyland, fanciful beings, rivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 is | expl |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 fairyland | det |
| 4 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fairyland | amod |
| 5 | fairyland | fairyland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | nsubj |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 him | case |
| 7 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 fairyland | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 beings | punct |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 beings | case |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 13 beings | det:predet |
| 11 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 13 beings | det |
| 12 | fanciful | fanciful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 beings | amod |
| 13 | beings | being | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fairyland | conj |
| 14 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 haunt | nsubj |
| 15 | haunt | haunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 beings | acl:relcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 mountains | det |
| 17 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 haunt | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 plains | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 plains | det |
| 20 | plains | plain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fairyland | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 malevolent | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 malevolent | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 rivers | det |
| 24 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 malevolent | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 rivers | punct |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 malevolent | cop |
| 27 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 29 malevolent | cc:preconj |
| 28 | actively | actively | ADV | _ | 29 malevolent | advmod |
| 29 | malevolent | malevolent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 is | parataxis |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 mischievous | punct |
| 31 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 32 mischievous | cc |
| 32 | mischievous | mischievous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 malevolent | conj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 addicted | cc |
| 34 | addicted | addict | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 mischievous | conj |
| 35 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 36 playing | mark |
| 36 | playing | play | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 addicted | advcl |
| 37 | pranks | prank | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 playing | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | no beautiful fairyland for Qamata and all fanciful beings and the plains | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | haunt | present | all fanciful beings | the mountains | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mountain=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the rivers | actively, malevolent property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | the rivers not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | addict | participle | the rivers not said here | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | play | gerund | the rivers not said here | pranks | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prank=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/174/