Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 175
To protect himself from them he carries on his person charms in numbers, only to find himself still exposed to their attacks.
Who acts: Qamata, person, beings · What happens: protect, carry, charm, find, expose, attack · To what, where: Qamata, numbers, attacks · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Qamata, person, beings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 protect | mark |
| 2 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 carries | advcl |
| 3 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 2 protect | obj |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 them | case |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 protect | obl |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 carries | nsubj |
| 7 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 11 charms | mark |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 person | nmod:poss |
| 10 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 charms | nsubj |
| 11 | charms | charm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 carries | advcl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 numbers | case |
| 13 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 charms | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 find | punct |
| 15 | only | only | ADV | _ | 17 find | advmod |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 find | mark |
| 17 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 carries | conj |
| 18 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 17 find | obj |
| 19 | still | still | ADV | _ | 20 exposed | advmod |
| 20 | exposed | expose | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 find | ccomp |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 attacks | case |
| 22 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 attacks | nmod:poss |
| 23 | attacks | attack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 exposed | obl |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 carries | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | protect | to-infinitive | Qamata not said here | Qamata | from beings = being | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary from they=Theme | |||
| 2 | carry | present | Qamata | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | charm | present | Qamata's person | numbers | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | find | to-infinitive | Qamata not said here | Qamata | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent himself=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | expose | past | beings's attacks | still | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to attack=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | attack | beings = being | nom attack «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/175/