Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 183
Certain persons obtain from the demons power to bewitch others, and thus sickness and death are caused.
Who acts: Certain persons · What happens: obtain, bewitch, cause · To what, where: demons power, others, sickness
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Certain persons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 persons | amod |
| 2 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 obtain | nsubj |
| 3 | obtain | obtain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 power | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 power | det |
| 6 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 power | compound |
| 7 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 obtain | obl |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 bewitch | mark |
| 9 | bewitch | bewitch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 obtain | advcl |
| 10 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bewitch | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 caused | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 caused | cc |
| 13 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 18 caused | advmod |
| 14 | sickness | sickness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 death | cc |
| 16 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sickness | conj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 caused | aux:pass |
| 18 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 obtain | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 obtain | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | obtain | present | Certain persons | the demons power | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from power=Source | ||||
| 2 | bewitch | to-infinitive | Certain persons not said here | others | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus other=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | cause | present · passive | sickness and death | thus property | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/183/