Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 193
He is really a monomaniac, but if his statements are believed his power at once becomes greater than that of the highest chief, and his commands are implicitly obeyed.
Who acts: person · What happens: be, believe, become, obey, state, command · To what, where: monomaniac, statements, commands · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 monomaniac | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 monomaniac | cop |
| 3 | really | really | ADV | _ | 5 monomaniac | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 monomaniac | det |
| 5 | monomaniac | monomaniac | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 becomes | punct |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 becomes | cc |
| 8 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 12 believed | mark |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 statements | nmod:poss |
| 10 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 believed | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 believed | aux:pass |
| 12 | believed | believe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 becomes | advcl |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 power | nmod:poss |
| 14 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 believed | obj |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 once | case |
| 16 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 12 believed | obl |
| 17 | becomes | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 monomaniac | conj |
| 18 | greater | great | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 becomes | xcomp |
| 19 | than | than | ADP | _ | 20 that | case |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 greater | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 chief | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 chief | det |
| 23 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 24 chief | amod |
| 24 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 that | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 obeyed | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 obeyed | cc |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 commands | nmod:poss |
| 28 | commands | command | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 obeyed | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 obeyed | aux:pass |
| 30 | implicitly | implicitly | ADV | _ | 31 obeyed | advmod |
| 31 | obeyed | obey | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 becomes | advcl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 monomaniac | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | person | a monomaniac | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | believe a condition, not said to happen | present · passive | person's statements | person's power obj | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme power=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | become | present | person not said here | great property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | obey | present · passive | person's commands | implicitly property | vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | state | person | nom statement «communication transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 6 | command | person | nom command «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/193/