Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 205
There are certain families to whom the working in metals is confined, the son following the father in his occupation.
Who acts: certain families, son, Kaffir · What happens: be, confine, follow, occupy · To what, where: working, father, occupation
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain families, son, Kaffir), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 are | expl |
| 2 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 families | amod |
| 4 | families | family | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 are | nsubj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 whom | case |
| 6 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 families | nmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 working | det |
| 8 | working | working | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 confined | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 metals | case |
| 10 | metals | metal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 working | nmod |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 confined | aux:pass |
| 12 | confined | confine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 whom | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 son | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 son | det |
| 15 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 families | conj |
| 16 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 son | acl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 father | det |
| 18 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 following | obj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 occupation | case |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 occupation | nmod:poss |
| 21 | occupation | occupation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 father | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 are | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | certain families and the son | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | confine | present · passive | the working in metals | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 3 | follow | gerund | the son not said here | the father | Kaffir's occupation | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent father=Theme in occupation=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | occupy | Kaffir | nom occupation «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/205/