Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 218
Vessels containing from half a pint to fifty gallons were constructed by them of earthenware, some of which were highly ornamented, and were almost as perfect in form as if they had been turned on a wheel.
Who acts: Vessels, gallons · What happens: contain, construct, ornament, be, turn · To what, where: pint, Vessels, some, form, wheel
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vessels, gallons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vessels | vessel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 constructed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | containing | contain | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Vessels | acl |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 pint | case |
| 4 | half | half | DET | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac PronType=Ind | 6 pint | det:predet |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 pint | det |
| 6 | pint | pint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 containing | obl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 gallons | case |
| 8 | fifty | fifty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 gallons | nummod |
| 9 | gallons | gallon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 containing | obl |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 constructed | aux:pass |
| 11 | constructed | construct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 them | case |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 constructed | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 earthenware | case |
| 15 | earthenware | earthenware | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 constructed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 ornamented | punct |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 22 ornamented | nsubj:pass |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 which | case |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 some | nmod |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 ornamented | aux:pass |
| 21 | highly | highly | ADV | _ | 22 ornamented | advmod |
| 22 | ornamented | ornament | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 constructed | parataxis |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 perfect | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 perfect | cc |
| 25 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 perfect | cop |
| 26 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 28 perfect | advmod |
| 27 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 perfect | case |
| 28 | perfect | perfect | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 ornamented | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 form | case |
| 30 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 perfect | obl |
| 31 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 turned | mark |
| 32 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 36 turned | mark |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 turned | nsubj |
| 34 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 turned | aux |
| 35 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 36 turned | aux:pass |
| 36 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 perfect | advcl |
| 37 | on | on | ADP | _ | 39 wheel | case |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 wheel | det |
| 39 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 turned | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 constructed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | contain | gerund | Vessels not said here | half pint | to fifty gallons | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | |||
| 2 | construct | past · passive | gallons = gallon | Vessels | of earthenware | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result | |||
| 3 | ornament | past · passive | some | highly property | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination | ||||
| 4 | is | past | form | almost, perfect property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | turn | past · perfect · passive | Vessels = vessel | a wheel | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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