Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 222
Each article is made of a single block of wood, requiring much time and patience to complete it, and upon it is frequently carved some neat but simple pattern.
What happens: make, require, complete, carve · To what, where: article
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 2 article | det |
| 2 | article | article | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | aux:pass |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 block | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 block | det |
| 7 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 block | amod |
| 8 | block | block | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 wood | case |
| 10 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 block | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 requiring | punct |
| 12 | requiring | require | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 made | advcl |
| 13 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 time | amod |
| 14 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 requiring | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 patience | cc |
| 16 | patience | patience | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 time | conj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 complete | mark |
| 18 | complete | complete | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 patience | acl |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 complete | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 carved | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 carved | cc |
| 22 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 26 carved | mark |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 carved | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 carved | aux:pass |
| 25 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 26 carved | advmod |
| 26 | carved | carve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 made | parataxis |
| 27 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 pattern | det |
| 28 | neat | neat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 pattern | amod |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 30 simple | cc |
| 30 | simple | simple | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 neat | conj |
| 31 | pattern | pattern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 carved | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | each article | of a single block of wood | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | require | gerund | time | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | complete | to-infinitive | article | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | carve | present · passive | article | some neat pattern obj; frequently property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary pattern=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/222/