Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 221
In the manufacture of wooden articles, such as spoons, bowls, fighting sticks, pipes (since the introduction of tobacco), rests for the head when sleeping, etc., they display great skill and no little taste.
Who acts: Vessels · What happens: fight, rest, sleep, display, manufacture, introduce · To what, where: manufacture, great skill, wooden articles, tobacco
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vessels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 manufacture | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 manufacture | det |
| 3 | manufacture | manufacture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rests | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 articles | case |
| 5 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 articles | amod |
| 6 | articles | article | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 manufacture | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 spoons | punct |
| 8 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 10 spoons | case |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 such | fixed |
| 10 | spoons | spoon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 articles | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 bowls | punct |
| 12 | bowls | bowl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 articles | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 sticks | punct |
| 14 | fighting | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 sticks | amod |
| 15 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 articles | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 pipes | punct |
| 17 | pipes | pipe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 articles | conj |
| 18 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 introduction | punct |
| 19 | since | since | ADP | _ | 21 introduction | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 introduction | det |
| 21 | introduction | introduction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pipes | appos |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 tobacco | case |
| 23 | tobacco | tobacco | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 introduction | nmod |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 introduction | punct |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 manufacture | punct |
| 26 | rests | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 29 head | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 head | det |
| 29 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rests | obl |
| 30 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 31 sleeping | advmod |
| 31 | sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 rests | advcl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 etc. | punct |
| 33 | etc. | etc. | NOUN | Abbr=Yes Number=Plur | 31 sleeping | conj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 display | punct |
| 35 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 display | nsubj |
| 36 | display | display | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 rests | conj |
| 37 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 skill | amod |
| 38 | skill | skill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 display | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 taste | cc |
| 40 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 42 taste | det |
| 41 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 taste | amod |
| 42 | taste | taste | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 skill | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 rests | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fight | gerund | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | rest | present | the manufacture of wooden articles and spoons and bowls and fighting sticks and pipes | for the head | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in manufacture=Location | ||||
| 3 | sleep | gerund | etc. conj | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | display | present | Vessels = vessel | great skill and no little taste | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Theme | ||||
| 5 | manufacture | wooden articles and spoons and bowls and fighting sticks and pipes | nom manufacture «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | introduce | tobacco | nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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