Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 25

With regard to the common people, the principle of the law is that they are the property of the rulers, and consequently an offence against any of their persons is atoned for by a fine to the chief.

Who acts: principle · What happens: be, atone · To what, where: property, offence

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (principle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	With	with	ADP	_	2 regard	case
2	regard	regard	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 property	obl
3	to	to	ADP	_	6 people	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 people	det
5	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 people	amod
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 regard	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 regard	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 principle	det
9	principle	principle	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 property	nsubj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 law	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 law	det
12	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 principle	nmod
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 property	cop
14	that	that	SCONJ	_	18 property	mark
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 property	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 property	cop
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 property	det
18	property	property	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
19	of	of	ADP	_	21 rulers	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 rulers	det
21	rulers	ruler	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 property	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 atoned	punct
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 atoned	cc
24	consequently	consequently	ADV	_	26 offence	advmod
25	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 offence	det
26	offence	offence	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 atoned	nsubj:pass
27	against	against	ADP	_	28 any	case
28	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	26 offence	nmod
29	of	of	ADP	_	31 persons	case
30	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 persons	nmod:poss
31	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 any	nmod
32	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 atoned	aux:pass
33	atoned	atone	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	18 property	conj
34	for	for	ADP	_	37 fine	case
35	by	by	ADP	_	37 fine	case
36	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	37 fine	det
37	fine	fine	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 atoned	obl
38	to	to	ADP	_	40 chief	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 chief	det
40	chief	chief	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 fine	nmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	18 property	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the principle of the law	the property				with regard to the common people; of the rulers; laws = law nsubj	tree rules
2	atone	present · passive		a offence against any of laws's persons				for a fine to the chief	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/25/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 25

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 25