Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 24
Such offshoots of the ruling house as are not of themselves chiefs are of aristocratic rank, and are exempt from obedience to the laws which govern the commonalty.
Who acts: Such offshoots, chiefs, laws · What happens: not be, be, govern · To what, where: obedience, commonalty
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Such offshoots, chiefs, laws), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 offshoots | amod |
| 2 | offshoots | offshoot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 chiefs | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 as | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 as | det |
| 5 | ruling | ruling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 house | compound |
| 6 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 as | compound |
| 7 | as | a | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 offshoots | nmod |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 chiefs | cop |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 chiefs | advmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 chiefs | case |
| 11 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 of | obl |
| 12 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 rank | nsubj |
| 13 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 rank | cop |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 rank | case |
| 15 | aristocratic | aristocratic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rank | amod |
| 16 | rank | rank | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 exempt | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 exempt | cc |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 exempt | cop |
| 20 | exempt | exempt | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 rank | conj |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 obedience | case |
| 22 | obedience | obedience | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 exempt | obl |
| 23 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 laws | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 laws | det |
| 25 | laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 exempt | obl |
| 26 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 govern | nsubj |
| 27 | govern | govern | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 laws | acl:relcl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 commonalty | det |
| 29 | commonalty | commonalty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 govern | obj |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 rank | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present | Such offshoots of the house as | of chiefs | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | chiefs | of aristocratic rank | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | present | chiefs not said here | obedience | to the laws; exempt property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | govern | present | the laws | the commonalty | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent commonalty=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/24/