Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 3
Europeans have designated these people Kaffirs ever since the discovery of the country, though they themselves cannot even pronounce the word, as the English sound of the letter r is wanting in their language.
Who acts: Europeans, English sound · What happens: designate, not pronounce, want, discover · To what, where: Europeans, word, language, country
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Europeans, English sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Europeans | european | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 designated | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 designated | aux |
| 3 | designated | designate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 people | det |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 Kaffirs | compound |
| 6 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 designated | obj |
| 7 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 3 designated | advmod |
| 8 | since | since | ADP | _ | 10 discovery | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 discovery | det |
| 10 | discovery | discovery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 designated | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 country | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 country | det |
| 13 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 discovery | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 pronounce | punct |
| 15 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 21 pronounce | mark |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 pronounce | nsubj |
| 17 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes | 16 they | nmod:unmarked |
| 18 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 pronounce | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 pronounce | advmod |
| 20 | even | even | ADV | _ | 21 pronounce | advmod |
| 21 | pronounce | pronounce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 designated | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 word | det |
| 23 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pronounce | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sound | punct |
| 25 | as | as | ADP | _ | 28 sound | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sound | det |
| 27 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 sound | amod |
| 28 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 wanting | nsubj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 r | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 r | det |
| 31 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 r | compound |
| 32 | r | r | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sound | nmod |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 wanting | aux |
| 34 | wanting | want | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 pronounce | ccomp |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 language | case |
| 36 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 language | nmod:poss |
| 37 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 wanting | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 designated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | designate | present · perfect · passive | Europeans | since the discovery of the country; ever | people Kaffirs obj | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme kaffir=Attribute | |||
| 2 | not pronounce | can | Europeans = european | the word | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | want | present · progressive | the English sound of the letter r | Europeans's language | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 4 | discover | the country | nom discovery «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/3/