Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 4
R in Kaffir words, as now written, represents the same guttural sound as g does in Dutch, or the Scotch sound of ch in loch; thus Rarabe is pronounced Khah-khah-bay.
Who acts: R, g · What happens: write, represent, do, pronounce · To what, where: R, same guttural sound, Scotch sound, Dutch, Rarabe
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (R, g), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | R | r | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 represents | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 words | case |
| 3 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 words | compound |
| 4 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 R | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 written | punct |
| 6 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 8 written | mark |
| 7 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 written | advmod |
| 8 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 R | acl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 R | punct |
| 10 | represents | represent | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sound | det |
| 12 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sound | amod |
| 13 | guttural | guttural | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sound | compound |
| 14 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 represents | obj |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 17 does | mark |
| 16 | g | G | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 does | nsubj |
| 17 | does | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 sound | advcl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 Dutch | case |
| 19 | Dutch | Dutch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 does | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sound | punct |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 24 sound | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 sound | det |
| 23 | Scotch | Scotch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 sound | compound |
| 24 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 does | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 ch | case |
| 26 | ch | ch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sound | nmod |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 loch | case |
| 28 | loch | loch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 ch | nmod |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 33 pronounced | punct |
| 30 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 33 pronounced | advmod |
| 31 | Rarabe | Rarabe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 pronounced | nsubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 pronounced | aux:pass |
| 33 | pronounced | pronounce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 represents | conj |
| 34 | Khah | Khah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 pronounced | obj |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 Khah | punct |
| 36 | khah | khah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 bay | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 khah | punct |
| 38 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 pronounced | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 represents | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | participle | R in Kaffir words not said here | now | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | represent | present | R in Kaffir words | the same guttural sound | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sound=Theme | ||||
| 3 | do | present | g | the Scotch sound of ch in loch | Dutch | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | pronounce | present · passive | Rarabe | Khah obj; khah bay obj; thus property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/4/