Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 30
The chief in council makes the law and administers it, but from the courts of the petty chiefs there is an appeal to the head of the tribe.
Who acts: chief, appeal · What happens: make, administer, be · To what, where: law, chief, courts
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, appeal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 makes | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 council | case |
| 4 | council | council | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 chief | nmod |
| 5 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 law | det |
| 7 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 makes | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 administers | cc |
| 9 | administers | administer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 makes | conj |
| 10 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 administers | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 is | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 is | cc |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 15 courts | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 courts | det |
| 15 | courts | court | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 is | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 chiefs | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 chiefs | det |
| 18 | petty | petty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 chiefs | amod |
| 19 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 courts | nmod |
| 20 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 21 is | expl |
| 21 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 makes | advcl |
| 22 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 appeal | det |
| 23 | appeal | appeal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 is | nsubj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 head | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 head | det |
| 26 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 appeal | nmod |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 tribe | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 tribe | det |
| 29 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 head | nmod |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 makes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | the chief in council | the law | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset law=Product | ||||
| 2 | administer | present | the chief in council not said here | chief | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 3 | be | present | a appeal to the head of the tribe | the courts of the petty chiefs; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/30/