Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 44
But while it operated against unity, it tended towards a rapid expansion of the people in a country where only a slight opposition could be made by the earlier inhabitants.
Who acts: peace, earlier inhabitants · What happens: operate, tend, make, expand · To what, where: slight opposition, people
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peace, earlier inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 tended | cc |
| 2 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 operated | mark |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 operated | nsubj |
| 4 | operated | operate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 tended | advcl |
| 5 | against | against | ADP | _ | 6 unity | case |
| 6 | unity | unity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 operated | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 operated | punct |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 tended | nsubj |
| 9 | tended | tend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 13 expansion | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 expansion | det |
| 12 | rapid | rapid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 expansion | amod |
| 13 | expansion | expansion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 tended | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 people | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 people | det |
| 16 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 expansion | nmod |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 country | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 country | det |
| 19 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 people | nmod |
| 20 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 27 made | advmod |
| 21 | only | only | ADV | _ | 24 opposition | advmod |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 opposition | det |
| 23 | slight | slight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 opposition | amod |
| 24 | opposition | opposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 made | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 27 made | aux |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 27 made | aux:pass |
| 27 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 country | acl:relcl |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 inhabitants | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 inhabitants | det |
| 30 | earlier | early | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 31 inhabitants | amod |
| 31 | inhabitants | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 made | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 tended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | operate | past | peace | against unity | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tend | past | peace | towards a rapid expansion of the people in a country | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | make | could · passive | the earlier inhabitants | a slight opposition | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | ||||
| 4 | expand | the people in a country | nom expansion «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/44/