Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 43
Thus there was always a tendency to division and subdivision of the tribes, which was the great fault of the system.
Who acts: tendency, tribes · What happens: be · To what, where: great fault
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tendency, tribes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 3 was | advmod |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 was | expl |
| 3 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 6 tendency | advmod |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 tendency | det |
| 6 | tendency | tendency | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 was | nsubj |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 division | case |
| 8 | division | division | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tendency | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 subdivision | cc |
| 10 | subdivision | subdivision | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 tendency | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 tribes | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 tribes | det |
| 13 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 subdivision | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 fault | punct |
| 15 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 fault | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 fault | cop |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 fault | det |
| 18 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 fault | amod |
| 19 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 tribes | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 system | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 system | det |
| 22 | system | system | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 fault | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 was | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | a tendency to division and subdivision of the tribes and the great fault | there | thus property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | past | the tribes and the great fault | the great fault | of the system | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/43/