Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 42
Should peace be maintained, upon the death of his father the son of the right hand acknowledges his brother as superior in rank, but pays him no tribute, nor admits of his right to interfere in any manner with the internal government of the new clan.
Who acts: son, father · What happens: maintain, acknowledge, pay, interfere, die · To what, where: peace, brother, tribute, portion, manner
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 maintained | aux |
| 2 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 maintained | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 4 maintained | aux:pass |
| 4 | maintained | maintain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 death | punct |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 8 death | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 death | det |
| 8 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 maintained | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 father | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 father | nmod:poss |
| 11 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 death | nmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 son | det |
| 13 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 father | appos |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 hand | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 hand | det |
| 16 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 hand | amod |
| 17 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 acknowledges | obl |
| 18 | acknowledges | acknowledge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 son | acl:relcl |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 brother | nmod:poss |
| 20 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 acknowledges | obj |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 22 superior | case |
| 22 | superior | superior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 acknowledges | obl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 rank | case |
| 24 | rank | rank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 superior | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 pays | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 27 pays | cc |
| 27 | pays | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 acknowledges | parataxis |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 pays | iobj |
| 29 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 30 tribute | det |
| 30 | tribute | tribute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 pays | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 admits | punct |
| 32 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 33 admits | cc |
| 33 | admits | admit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 pays | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 right | case |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 right | nmod:poss |
| 36 | right | right | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 admits | nmod |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 interfere | mark |
| 38 | interfere | interfere | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 right | acl |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 manner | case |
| 40 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 manner | det |
| 41 | manner | manner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 interfere | obl |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 government | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 government | det |
| 44 | internal | internal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 government | amod |
| 45 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 interfere | obl |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 clan | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 clan | det |
| 48 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 clan | amod |
| 49 | clan | clan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 government | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 maintained | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | maintain | should · passive | peace | upon the death of portion's father | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | acknowledge | present | the son not said here | portion's brother | of the right hand; as superior in rank | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Topic | |||
| 3 | pay | present | no tribute | portion | admits of portion's right conj | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient tribute=Asset | |||
| 4 | interfere | to-infinitive | any manner | with the internal government of the new clan | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | die | portion's father | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/42/