Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 62
According as the noun commences with a particular syllable, so the first syllable of the adjective, the verb, the adverb, and even the preposition, must be altered to agree with it in sound.
Who acts: According · What happens: accord, commence, alter, agree · To what, where: preposition, sound
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (According), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | According | accord | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 commences | csubj |
| 2 | as | as | ADP | _ | 4 noun | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 noun | det |
| 4 | noun | noun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 According | obl |
| 5 | commences | commence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 syllable | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 syllable | det |
| 8 | particular | particular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 syllable | amod |
| 9 | syllable | syllable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 commences | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 syllable | punct |
| 11 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 syllable | advmod |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 syllable | det |
| 13 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 syllable | amod |
| 14 | syllable | syllable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 commences | parataxis |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 adjective | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 adjective | det |
| 17 | adjective | adjective | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 syllable | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 verb | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 verb | det |
| 20 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 syllable | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 adverb | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 adverb | det |
| 23 | adverb | adverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 verb | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 altered | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 altered | cc |
| 26 | even | even | ADV | _ | 28 preposition | advmod |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 preposition | det |
| 28 | preposition | preposition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 altered | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 preposition | punct |
| 30 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 altered | aux |
| 31 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 altered | aux:pass |
| 32 | altered | alter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 commences | parataxis |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 agree | mark |
| 34 | agree | agree | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 altered | xcomp |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 it | case |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 agree | obl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 sound | case |
| 38 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 agree | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 commences | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accord | gerund | as the noun | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | commence | present | According | with a particular syllable; the first syllable of the adjective and the verb and the adverb parataxis | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with syllable=Subeventuality | ||||
| 3 | alter | must · passive | the preposition | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | agree speech: agree | to-infinitive | sound | with noun | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with it=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/62/