Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 73
By such a person a syllable commencing with a click can only be sounded as a distinct word with a considerable interval of time between it and the one before it.
Who acts: syllable, person · What happens: commence, sound · To what, where: syllable
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (syllable, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 4 person | case |
| 2 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 person | det:predet |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 person | det |
| 4 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sounded | obl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 syllable | det |
| 6 | syllable | syllable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sounded | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | commencing | commence | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 syllable | acl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 click | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 click | det |
| 10 | click | click | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 commencing | obl |
| 11 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 sounded | aux |
| 12 | only | only | ADV | _ | 14 sounded | advmod |
| 13 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 14 sounded | aux:pass |
| 14 | sounded | sound | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 word | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 word | det |
| 17 | distinct | distinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 word | amod |
| 18 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sounded | obl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 interval | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 interval | det |
| 21 | considerable | considerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 interval | amod |
| 22 | interval | interval | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 word | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 time | case |
| 24 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 interval | nmod |
| 25 | between | between | ADP | _ | 26 it | case |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 time | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 one | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 one | det |
| 29 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 word | conj |
| 30 | before | before | ADP | _ | 31 it | case |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 one | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 sounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | commence | gerund | a syllable not said here | with a click | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with click=Subeventuality | ||||
| 2 | sound | can · passive | such person | a syllable | as a distinct word with a considerable interval of time between interval and the one before interval | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/73/