Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 8
On the other side of the mountains, the Bechuanas, their near kindred, are found stretching almost across to the Atlantic shore, from the heart of the continent southward to the Orange River.
What happens: find, stretch · To what, where: other side, heart
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 side | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 side | det |
| 3 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 side | amod |
| 4 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 found | obl |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 mountains | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 mountains | det |
| 7 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 side | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 Bechuanas | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Bechuanas | det |
| 10 | Bechuanas | Bechuana | PROPN | Number=Plur | 7 mountains | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 kindred | punct |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 kindred | nmod:poss |
| 13 | near | near | ADP | _ | 14 kindred | case |
| 14 | kindred | kindred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 Bechuanas | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 side | punct |
| 16 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 found | aux:pass |
| 17 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 18 | stretching | stretch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 found | xcomp |
| 19 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 20 across | advmod |
| 20 | across | across | ADV | _ | 18 stretching | advmod |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 shore | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 shore | det |
| 23 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 shore | compound |
| 24 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 stretching | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 heart | punct |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 heart | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 heart | det |
| 28 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 stretching | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 continent | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 continent | det |
| 31 | continent | continent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 heart | nmod |
| 32 | southward | southward | ADV | _ | 28 heart | advmod |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 River | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 River | det |
| 35 | Orange | Orange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 River | compound |
| 36 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 southward | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present · passive | the other side of the mountains the Bechuanas | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | stretch | gerund | the heart of the continent | to the Atlantic shore; across property | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to shore=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/8/