Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 85
The skin of the leopard was reserved for chiefs and their principal councillors alone, but any other could be used by common people.
Who acts: common people · What happens: reserve, use · To what, where: skin, other
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (common people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 skin | det |
| 2 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 reserved | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 leopard | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 leopard | det |
| 5 | leopard | leopard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 skin | nmod |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 reserved | aux:pass |
| 7 | reserved | reserve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 chiefs | case |
| 9 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 reserved | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 councillors | cc |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 councillors | nmod:poss |
| 12 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 councillors | amod |
| 13 | councillors | councillor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 chiefs | conj |
| 14 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 7 reserved | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 used | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 used | cc |
| 17 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 other | det |
| 18 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 used | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 used | aux |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 used | aux:pass |
| 21 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 reserved | conj |
| 22 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 people | case |
| 23 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 people | amod |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 used | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 reserved | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reserve | past · passive | the skin of the leopard | for chiefs and skins's principal councillors; alone property | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for chief=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | use | could · passive | common people | any other | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/85/