Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 84
Until European clothing was introduced, the dress of the Kaffirs was composed of skins of animals formed into a square mantle the size of a large blanket, which they wrapped about their persons.
Who acts: details · What happens: introduce, compose, form, wrap · To what, where: European clothing, dress, animals, square mantle, large blanket
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (details), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Until | until | SCONJ | _ | 5 introduced | mark |
| 2 | European | European | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 clothing | amod |
| 3 | clothing | clothing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 introduced | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 introduced | aux:pass |
| 5 | introduced | introduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 composed | advcl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 introduced | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 dress | det |
| 8 | dress | dress | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 composed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Kaffirs | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Kaffirs | det |
| 11 | Kaffirs | kaffir | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 dress | nmod |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 composed | aux:pass |
| 13 | composed | compose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 skins | case |
| 15 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 composed | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 animals | case |
| 17 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 skins | nmod |
| 18 | formed | form | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 animals | acl |
| 19 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 mantle | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 mantle | det |
| 21 | square | square | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 mantle | amod |
| 22 | mantle | mantle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 formed | obl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 size | det |
| 24 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mantle | appos |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 blanket | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 blanket | det |
| 27 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 blanket | amod |
| 28 | blanket | blanket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 size | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 wrapped | punct |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 wrapped | obj |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 wrapped | nsubj |
| 32 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 blanket | acl:relcl |
| 33 | about | about | ADP | _ | 35 persons | case |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 persons | nmod:poss |
| 35 | persons | person | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 wrapped | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 composed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | introduce | past · passive | European clothing | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | compose | past · passive | the dress of the Kaffirs | of skins of animals | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result | ||||
| 3 | form | participle | animals not said here | a square mantle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | wrap | past | details = detail | a large blanket | about details's persons | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent which=Theme about person=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/84/