Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 91
Their habitations consist of hemispherical huts formed of strong wickerwork frames thatched with reeds or grass; they are proof against rain or wind.
Who acts: habitations, women · What happens: consist, form, thatch, be · To what, where: strong wickerwork frames
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (habitations, women), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 habitations | nmod:poss |
| 2 | habitations | habitation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 consist | nsubj |
| 3 | consist | consist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 huts | case |
| 5 | hemispherical | hemispherical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 huts | amod |
| 6 | huts | hut | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 formed | obl |
| 7 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 consist | ccomp |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 frames | case |
| 9 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 frames | amod |
| 10 | wickerwork | wickerwork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 frames | compound |
| 11 | frames | frame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 formed | obl |
| 12 | thatched | thatch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 frames | acl |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 reeds | case |
| 14 | reeds | reed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 thatched | obl |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 grass | cc |
| 16 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 reeds | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 proof | punct |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 proof | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 proof | cop |
| 20 | proof | proof | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 consist | parataxis |
| 21 | against | against | ADP | _ | 22 rain | case |
| 22 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 proof | obl |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 24 wind | cc |
| 24 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rain | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 consist | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | consist | present | women's habitations | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | form | past | women's habitations not said here | of hemispherical huts; of strong wickerwork frames | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | thatch | participle | strong wickerwork frames not said here | with reeds or grass | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with reed=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | present | women = woman | against rain or wind; proof property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/91/