Kaffir folk-lore, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs., sentence 93
They are entered by a low, narrow aperture, which is the only opening in the structure; their interior is smoky and dirty, and not seldom swarms with vermin.
Who acts: low narrow aperture, interior · What happens: enter, be · To what, where: women, only opening, structure
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Introductory Chapter Regarding the Kaffirs.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (low narrow aperture, interior), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 entered | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 entered | aux:pass |
| 3 | entered | enter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 aperture | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 aperture | det |
| 6 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 aperture | amod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 low | punct |
| 8 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 aperture | amod |
| 9 | aperture | aperture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 entered | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 opening | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 opening | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 opening | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 opening | det |
| 14 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 opening | amod |
| 15 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 aperture | appos |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 structure | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 structure | det |
| 18 | structure | structure | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 opening | nmod |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 smoky | punct |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 interior | nmod:poss |
| 21 | interior | interior | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 smoky | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 smoky | cop |
| 23 | smoky | smoky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 entered | parataxis |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 dirty | cc |
| 25 | dirty | dirty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 smoky | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 swarms | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 swarms | cc |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 swarms | advmod |
| 29 | seldom | seldom | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 swarms | amod |
| 30 | swarms | swarm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 smoky | conj |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 32 vermin | case |
| 32 | vermin | vermin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 swarms | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 entered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | enter | present · passive | a low narrow aperture | women = woman | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | a low narrow aperture | the only opening | the structure | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is | present | women's interior | seldom swarms with vermin conj; smoky property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | women's interior not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/2/93/