Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 43
They ran again, and it allowed the porcupine to beat the second time.
Who acts: animals, beat, porcupine · What happens: run, allow, beat · To what, where: porcupine
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, beat, porcupine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 ran | nsubj |
| 2 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | again | again | ADV | _ | 2 ran | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 allowed | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 allowed | cc |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 allowed | nsubj |
| 7 | allowed | allow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 porcupine | det |
| 9 | porcupine | porcupine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 allowed | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 beat | mark |
| 11 | beat | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 allowed | xcomp |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 time | det |
| 13 | second | second | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 14 time | amod |
| 14 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 beat | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | animals = animal | again | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | allow | past | beat | the porcupine | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer porcupine=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | beat not said to happen | to-infinitive | the porcupine not said here | time | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/24/43/