Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Hare., sentence 9
The animals at a distance heard it, they ran to the kraal, and when they saw that the fat was gone they killed the coney.
Who acts: animals, fat · What happens: hear, run, see, be, kill · To what, where: coney
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Hare.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, fat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 animals | det |
| 2 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 distance | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 distance | det |
| 5 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 animals | nmod |
| 6 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 heard | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 ran | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 ran | nsubj |
| 10 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 heard | conj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 kraal | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 kraal | det |
| 13 | kraal | kraal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ran | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 saw | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 saw | cc |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 saw | advmod |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 saw | nsubj |
| 18 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 heard | conj |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 gone | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 fat | det |
| 21 | fat | fat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 gone | nsubj |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 gone | cop |
| 23 | gone | gone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 saw | parataxis |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 killed | nsubj |
| 25 | killed | kill | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 gone | ccomp |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 coney | det |
| 27 | coney | coney | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 killed | obj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the animals at a distance | coney | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | run | past | animals = animal | to the kraal result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to kraal=Result | ||||
| 3 | see | past | animals = animal | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is | past | the fat | gone property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | kill | past | animals = animal | the coney | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coney=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/24/9/