Kaffir folk-lore, Story of Lion and Little Jackal., sentence 35
Lion was just about to spring upon him, when Little Jackal said softly: “Hush! do you not see that bushbuck on the other side of the rock?
Who acts: Lion, Little Jackal, you · What happens: be, say, not see · To what, where: bushbuck, other side · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of Lion and Little Jackal.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lion, Little Jackal, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 spring | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 spring | cop |
| 3 | just | just | ADV | _ | 4 about | advmod |
| 4 | about | about | ADV | _ | 6 spring | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 spring | mark |
| 6 | spring | spring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 8 him | case |
| 8 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 spring | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 said | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 said | advmod |
| 11 | Little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 Jackal | amod |
| 12 | Jackal | Jackal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 said | nsubj |
| 13 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 spring | conj |
| 14 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 13 said | advmod |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 see | punct |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 see | punct |
| 17 | Hush | hush | INTJ | _ | 22 see | discourse |
| 18 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 17 Hush | punct |
| 19 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 see | aux |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 see | nsubj |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 see | advmod |
| 22 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 spring | conj |
| 23 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 bushbuck | det |
| 24 | bushbuck | bushbuck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 see | obj |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 side | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 side | det |
| 27 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 side | amod |
| 28 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 see | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 rock | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 rock | det |
| 31 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 side | nmod |
| 32 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 6 spring | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Lion | upon Jackal; about, spring property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | Little Jackal | softly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | not see in a quote | present · do-support | you | that bushbuck | the other side of the rock | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bushbuck=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/25/35/