Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 126
Injunctions which Makana laid upon his countrymen are still implicitly obeyed.
Who acts: Injunctions · What happens: lay, obey · To what, where: countrymen, Injunctions
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Injunctions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Injunctions | injunction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 obeyed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 laid | nsubj |
| 3 | Makana | Makana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 laid | nsubj |
| 4 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Injunctions | acl:relcl |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 7 countrymen | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 countrymen | nmod:poss |
| 7 | countrymen | countryman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 laid | obl |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 obeyed | aux:pass |
| 9 | still | still | ADV | _ | 11 obeyed | advmod |
| 10 | implicitly | implicitly | ADV | _ | 11 obeyed | advmod |
| 11 | obeyed | obey | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 obeyed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | past | Injunctions | Makana's countrymen | Makana nsubj | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon countryman=Destination | |||
| 2 | obey | present · passive | Injunctions | still | implicitly property | vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/126/