Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 127
Before his time the corpses of common people were not usually interred, but by his orders it has been done ever since.
Who acts: orders, Makana · What happens: not inter, do, order · To what, where: corpses, hope
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (orders, Makana), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 time | nmod:poss |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 interred | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 corpses | det |
| 5 | corpses | corpse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 interred | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 people | case |
| 7 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 people | amod |
| 8 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 corpses | nmod |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 interred | aux |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 interred | advmod |
| 11 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 12 interred | advmod |
| 12 | interred | inter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 done | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 21 done | cc |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 orders | case |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 orders | nmod:poss |
| 17 | orders | order | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 done | obl |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 done | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 done | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 done | aux:pass |
| 21 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 interred | advcl |
| 22 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 23 since | advmod |
| 23 | since | since | ADV | _ | 21 done | advmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 interred | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not inter | past · passive | the corpses of common people | time | usually property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | do | present · perfect · passive | Makana's orders | hope | ever | since property | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality | ||
| 3 | order | Makana | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/127/