Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 213
The abatwa, gorged with meat, then lay down to sleep, all except the one who advised that Guluwe should not be spared.
Who acts: abatwa, one · What happens: gorge, lay down, sleep, advise, not spare · To what, where: abatwa, Guluwe · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (abatwa, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 abatwa | det |
| 2 | abatwa | abatwa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lay | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 gorged | punct |
| 4 | gorged | gorge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 abatwa | acl |
| 5 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 meat | case |
| 6 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gorged | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 lay | punct |
| 8 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 lay | advmod |
| 9 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | down | down | ADV | _ | 9 lay | advmod |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 sleep | mark |
| 12 | sleep | sleep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 lay | advcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 one | punct |
| 14 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 one | nsubj |
| 15 | except | except | ADP | _ | 17 one | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 one | det |
| 17 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lay | parataxis |
| 18 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 advised | nsubj |
| 19 | advised | advise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 one | acl:relcl |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 spared | mark |
| 21 | Guluwe | Guluwe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 spared | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 spared | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 spared | advmod |
| 24 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 25 spared | aux:pass |
| 25 | spared | spare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 advised | ccomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gorge | participle | the abatwa not said here | with meat | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | lay down | infinitive | the abatwa | then | the one parataxis; down property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | sleep | to-infinitive | the abatwa not said here | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | advise speech: other | past | the one | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not spare | should · passive | Guluwe | vn bill-54.5 «NP V NP NP.asset»: subject=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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