Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 62
It is said that a long time ago there was a man of the Amambalu who had good reason to suspect that his wife had fallen in love with Hili.
Who acts: man, wife · What happens: say, be, have, suspect, fall · To what, where: Kaffir, good reason, love · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | aux:pass |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 was | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 time | det |
| 6 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 time | amod |
| 7 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 10 was | advmod |
| 9 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 10 was | expl |
| 10 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | ccomp |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 man | det |
| 12 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 was | nsubj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Amambalu | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Amambalu | det |
| 15 | Amambalu | Amambalu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 man | nmod |
| 16 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 had | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 man | acl:relcl |
| 18 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 reason | amod |
| 19 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 had | obj |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 suspect | mark |
| 21 | suspect | suspect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 reason | acl |
| 22 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 fallen | mark |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 wife | nmod:poss |
| 24 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fallen | nsubj |
| 25 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 fallen | aux |
| 26 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 suspect | ccomp |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 love | case |
| 28 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fallen | obl |
| 29 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 Hili | case |
| 30 | Hili | Hili | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 love | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present · passive | Kaffir | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | be | past | a man of the Amambalu | there | ago property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | have | past | a man of the Amambalu | good reason | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient | ||||
| 4 | suspect | to-infinitive | a man of the Amambalu not said here | good reason not said here | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fall | past · perfect | man's wife | love with Hili | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in love=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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