Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 82
This proverb means that a man recognises no superior in his own establishment.
Who acts: proverb, man · What happens: mean, recognise, establish · To what, where: superior, own establishment
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (proverb, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 proverb | det |
| 2 | proverb | proverb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 means | nsubj |
| 3 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 recognises | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 recognises | nsubj |
| 7 | recognises | recognise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 means | advcl |
| 8 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 9 superior | det |
| 9 | superior | superior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 recognises | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 establishment | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 establishment | nmod:poss |
| 12 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 establishment | amod |
| 13 | establishment | establishment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 recognises | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 means | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | this proverb | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | recognise | present | a man | no superior | man's own establishment | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer superior=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | establish | man | nom establishment «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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