Kaffir folk-lore, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions., sentence 96
The isinama is a kind of grass that sticks to one’s clothing when it is touched, and can hardly be brushed off afterwards.
Who acts: isinama, kind · What happens: be, stick, touch, brush off · To what, where: kind, isinama
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Proverbs and Figurative Expressions.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (isinama, kind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 isinama | det |
| 2 | isinama | isinama | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 kind | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 kind | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 kind | det |
| 5 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 grass | case |
| 7 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 kind | nmod |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 sticks | nsubj |
| 9 | sticks | stick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 kind | acl:relcl |
| 10 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 clothing | case |
| 11 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 clothing | nummod |
| 12 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 11 one | case |
| 13 | clothing | clothing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sticks | obl |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 touched | advmod |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 touched | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 touched | aux:pass |
| 17 | touched | touch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 sticks | advcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 brushed | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 brushed | cc |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 brushed | aux |
| 21 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 23 brushed | advmod |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 brushed | aux:pass |
| 23 | brushed | brush | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 touched | parataxis |
| 24 | off | off | ADP | _ | 23 brushed | compound:prt |
| 25 | afterwards | afterwards | ADV | _ | 23 brushed | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 kind | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the isinama | a kind | of grass | tree rules | |||
| 2 | stick | present | a kind | to one clothing | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to clothing=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | touch | present · passive | isinama | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | |||||
| 4 | brush off | can · passive | afterwards, hardly property | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/26/96/