Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 22

The large jars are being replaced by wooden casks purchased from Europeans, and iron pots have already come into general use.

Who acts: wooden casks, iron pots · What happens: replace, purchase, come · To what, where: large jars, wooden casks, Europeans, general use

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wooden casks, iron pots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 jars	det
2	large	large	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 jars	amod
3	jars	jar	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 replaced	nsubj:pass
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 replaced	aux:pass
5	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 replaced	aux:pass
6	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 casks	case
8	wooden	wooden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 casks	amod
9	casks	cask	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 replaced	obl
10	purchased	purchase	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 casks	acl
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 Europeans	case
12	Europeans	European	PROPN	Number=Plur	10 purchased	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 come	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 come	cc
15	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 pots	compound
16	pots	pot	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 come	nsubj
17	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 come	aux
18	already	already	ADV	_	19 come	advmod
19	come	come	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 replaced	conj
20	into	into	ADP	_	22 use	case
21	general	general	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 use	amod
22	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 come	obl
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 replaced	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	replace	present · passive	wooden casks	the large jars		vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme
2	purchase	participle		wooden casks not said here	Europeans	vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from european=Source
3	come	present · perfect	iron pots		general use	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into use=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/22/

🌲 Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 22

The tree

Pragmatics

Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 22