Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 23
(g) The Kaffir house has only one opening, which is low and narrow, but which serves for door, window, and chimney.
Who acts: g, one opening · What happens: have, be, serve · To what, where: one opening, chimney
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (g, one opening), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 g | punct |
| 2 | g | G | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 has | nsubj |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 g | punct |
| 4 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 house | det |
| 5 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 house | compound |
| 6 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 has | nsubj |
| 7 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 one | advmod |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 opening | nummod |
| 10 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 has | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 low | punct |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 low | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 low | cop |
| 14 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 opening | acl:relcl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 narrow | cc |
| 16 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 low | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 serves | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 serves | cc |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 serves | nsubj |
| 20 | serves | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 has | conj |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 door | case |
| 22 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 serves | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 window | punct |
| 24 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 door | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 chimney | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 chimney | cc |
| 27 | chimney | chimney | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 serves | obl |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | g | one opening | the Kaffir house nsubj | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opening=Patient | |||
| 2 | is | present | one opening | low property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | one opening not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | serve | present | chimney | for door and window; which nsubj | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent for door=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/23/