Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 3
When poured out for use by the master of the household, who is the only one permitted to touch the milk-sack, a portion is always left behind to act as leaven.
Who acts: master · What happens: pour out, be, permit, touch, leave behind, act · To what, where: only one, milk sack, portion
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 2 poured | advmod |
| 2 | poured | pour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | out | out | ADP | _ | 2 poured | compound:prt |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 use | case |
| 5 | use | use | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 poured | obl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 master | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 master | det |
| 8 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 poured | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 household | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 household | det |
| 11 | household | household | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 master | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 one | punct |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 one | nsubj |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 one | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 one | det |
| 16 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 one | amod |
| 17 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 master | appos |
| 18 | permitted | permit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 one | acl |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 touch | mark |
| 20 | touch | touch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 permitted | xcomp |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 sack | det |
| 22 | milk | milk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 sack | compound |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 milk | punct |
| 24 | sack | sack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 touch | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 left | punct |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 portion | det |
| 27 | portion | portion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 left | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 left | aux:pass |
| 29 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 30 left | advmod |
| 30 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 one | parataxis |
| 31 | behind | behind | ADV | _ | 30 left | advmod |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 act | mark |
| 33 | act | act | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 left | advcl |
| 34 | as | as | ADP | _ | 35 leaven | case |
| 35 | leaven | leaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 act | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 poured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pour out | participle | for use; by the master of the household | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for use=Beneficiary | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | the master of the household | the only one | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | permit | participle | the only one not said here | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | touch not said to happen | to-infinitive | the milk sack | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sack=Co-Theme | |||||
| 5 | leave behind | present · passive | a portion | always, behind property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | act | to-infinitive | as leaven | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as leaven=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/3/