Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 6
(b) Among the Kaffirs the work of cultivating the ground fell entirely upon the women in olden times.
Who acts: work, Kaffirs · What happens: cultivate, fall, work · To what, where: ground
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (work, Kaffirs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 2 b | punct |
| 2 | b | b | NUM | _ | 6 Kaffirs | discourse |
| 3 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 2 b | punct |
| 4 | Among | among | ADP | _ | 6 Kaffirs | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Kaffirs | det |
| 6 | Kaffirs | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 work | nmod:poss |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 work | det |
| 8 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 fell | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 10 cultivating | mark |
| 10 | cultivating | cultivate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 work | acl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ground | det |
| 12 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 cultivating | obj |
| 13 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 13 fell | advmod |
| 15 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 17 women | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 women | det |
| 17 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 fell | obl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 times | case |
| 19 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 times | amod |
| 20 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 fell | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 fell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cultivate | gerund | the Kaffirs's work not said here | the ground | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Product | ||||
| 2 | fall | past | the Kaffirs's work | time | upon the women; entirely property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon woman=Location | |||
| 3 | work | the Kaffirs | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/6/