Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk., sentence 7
The introduction of the plough has caused a change in this respect, but to the present day the planting and weeding is performed by females.
Who acts: females · What happens: cause, perform, introduce · To what, where: introduction, planting, plough
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 introduction | det |
| 2 | introduction | introduction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 caused | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 plough | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 plough | det |
| 5 | plough | plough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 introduction | nmod |
| 6 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 caused | aux |
| 7 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 change | det |
| 9 | change | change | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 caused | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 respect | case |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 respect | det |
| 12 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 change | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 performed | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 performed | cc |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 day | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 day | det |
| 17 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 day | amod |
| 18 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 performed | obl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 planting | det |
| 20 | planting | planting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 performed | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 weeding | cc |
| 22 | weeding | weeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 planting | conj |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 performed | aux:pass |
| 24 | performed | perform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 caused | conj |
| 25 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 females | case |
| 26 | females | female | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 performed | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | present · perfect · passive | the introduction of the plough | a change obj | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Theme change=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | perform | present · passive | females | the planting and weeding | day | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 3 | introduce | the plough | nom introduction «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/27/7/