Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 2
The whole of the ceremonies are included in the term umdudo, a word derived from the verb ukududa, which means to dance by springing up and down, as ukuxentsa means to dance by moving the upper part of the body.
Who acts: word, ukuxentsa · What happens: include, derive, mean, dance, spring up, move · To what, where: term umdudo, word, verb ukududa, upper part
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, ukuxentsa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 whole | det |
| 2 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 included | advcl |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 ceremonies | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 ceremonies | det |
| 5 | ceremonies | ceremony | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 whole | obl |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 included | aux:pass |
| 7 | included | include | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 umdudo | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 umdudo | det |
| 10 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 umdudo | compound |
| 11 | umdudo | umdudo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 included | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 word | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 word | det |
| 14 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 umdudo | appos |
| 15 | derived | derive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 word | acl |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 ukududa | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ukududa | det |
| 18 | verb | verb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 ukududa | compound |
| 19 | ukududa | ukududa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 derived | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 means | punct |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 means | nsubj |
| 22 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 word | parataxis |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 dance | mark |
| 24 | dance | dance | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 means | xcomp |
| 25 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 26 springing | mark |
| 26 | springing | spring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 dance | advcl |
| 27 | up | up | ADP | _ | 26 springing | compound:prt |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 down | cc |
| 29 | down | down | ADV | _ | 26 springing | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 means | punct |
| 31 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 33 means | mark |
| 32 | ukuxentsa | ukuxentsa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 means | nsubj |
| 33 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 means | conj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 dance | mark |
| 35 | dance | dance | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 means | xcomp |
| 36 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 37 moving | mark |
| 37 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 dance | advcl |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 part | det |
| 39 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 part | amod |
| 40 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 moving | obj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 body | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 body | det |
| 43 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 part | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 included | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | include | present · passive | in the term umdudo goal | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: in umdudo=Goal | |||||
| 2 | derive | participle | a word not said here | the verb ukududa | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from ukududa=Material | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | a word | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | dance not said to happen | to-infinitive | a word not said here | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | spring up | gerund | a word not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | mean | present | ukuxentsa | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | dance not said to happen | to-infinitive | ukuxentsa not said here | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | move | gerund | ukuxentsa not said here | the upper part of the body | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent part=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/2/