Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 3
The dance at a marriage is considered of more importance than any of the others, and is therefore frequently practised until skill in its performance is attained.
Who acts: skill · What happens: consider, practise, attain, perform · To what, where: dance, skill
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skill), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dance | det |
| 2 | dance | dance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 considered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 marriage | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 marriage | det |
| 5 | marriage | marriage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 dance | nmod |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 considered | aux:pass |
| 7 | considered | consider | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 importance | case |
| 9 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 10 importance | amod |
| 10 | importance | importance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 considered | obl |
| 11 | than | than | ADP | _ | 12 any | case |
| 12 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 considered | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 others | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 others | det |
| 15 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 any | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 practised | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 practised | cc |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 practised | aux:pass |
| 19 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 21 practised | advmod |
| 20 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 21 practised | advmod |
| 21 | practised | practise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 considered | conj |
| 22 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 28 attained | mark |
| 23 | skill | skill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 attained | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 performance | case |
| 25 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 performance | nmod:poss |
| 26 | performance | performance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 skill | nmod |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 attained | aux:pass |
| 28 | attained | attain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 practised | advcl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 considered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | consider | present · passive | the dance at a marriage | of more importance; than any of the others | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | practise | present · passive | frequently, therefore property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | attain | present · passive | skill in skill's performance | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 4 | perform | skill | nom performance «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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