Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Five Heads., sentence 51
The bride carries an assagai in her hand, which she throws so as to stick in the ground inside the kraal in an upright position.
Who acts: bride, hand · What happens: carry, throw, stick · To what, where: assagai, hand, ground
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Five Heads.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bride, hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 bride | det |
| 2 | bride | bride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carries | nsubj |
| 3 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 assagai | det |
| 5 | assagai | assagai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carries | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 hand | case |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 hand | nmod:poss |
| 8 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 carries | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 throws | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 throws | nsubj |
| 11 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 throws | nsubj |
| 12 | throws | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 hand | acl:relcl |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 16 stick | advmod |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 stick | mark |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 stick | mark |
| 16 | stick | stick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 throws | ccomp |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 ground | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ground | det |
| 19 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stick | obl |
| 20 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 22 kraal | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 kraal | det |
| 22 | kraal | kraal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stick | obl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 position | case |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 position | det |
| 25 | upright | upright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 position | amod |
| 26 | position | position | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 stick | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 carries | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | present | the bride | a assagai | bride's hand | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent assagai=Value in hand=Location | |||
| 2 | throw | present | bride's hand | bride nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stick | to-infinitive | bride's hand not said here | the ground | inside the kraal; in a upright position | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in ground=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/28/51/