Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 35
The defence was that A, being the woman’s nearest relative who had cattle, was bound to furnish a heifer for the purpose.
Who acts: defence, nearest relative · What happens: be, have, furnish · To what, where: nearest relative, cattle, heifer
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (defence, nearest relative), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 defence | det |
| 2 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 relative | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 relative | cop |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 12 relative | mark |
| 5 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 woman | det |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 A | punct |
| 7 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 woman | cop |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 woman | det |
| 9 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 relative | nmod:poss |
| 10 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 9 woman | case |
| 11 | nearest | near | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 12 relative | amod |
| 12 | relative | relative | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 bound | nsubj |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 had | nsubj |
| 14 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 relative | acl:relcl |
| 15 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 had | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 relative | punct |
| 17 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 bound | cop |
| 18 | bound | bound | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 furnish | mark |
| 20 | furnish | furnish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 bound | xcomp |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 heifer | det |
| 22 | heifer | heifer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 furnish | obj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 purpose | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 purpose | det |
| 25 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 heifer | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 bound | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | 's a woman | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | the defence | a woman's nearest relative | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | have | past | a woman's nearest relative | cattle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | past | a woman's nearest relative | bound property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | furnish | to-infinitive | a woman's nearest relative not said here | a heifer | for the purpose | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent heifer=Theme for purpose=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/29/35/