Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 52
The others ran away home as fast as they could, and there told a story how their companion had been lured away from their side by the spirit calling her.
Who acts: others, spirit · What happens: run away, tell, lure away, call · To what, where: story, companion, side, spirit · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, spirit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 others | det |
| 2 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ran | nsubj |
| 3 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | away | away | ADV | _ | 3 ran | advmod |
| 5 | home | home | ADV | _ | 3 ran | advmod |
| 6 | as | as | ADV | _ | 7 fast | advmod |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 ran | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 could | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 could | nsubj |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 fast | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 told | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 told | cc |
| 13 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 14 told | expl |
| 14 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 ran | conj |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 story | det |
| 16 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 told | obj |
| 17 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 22 lured | advmod |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 companion | nmod:poss |
| 19 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lured | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 lured | aux |
| 21 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 lured | aux:pass |
| 22 | lured | lure | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 told | ccomp |
| 23 | away | away | ADV | _ | 22 lured | advmod |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 side | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 side | nmod:poss |
| 26 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lured | obl |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 spirit | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 spirit | det |
| 29 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 lured | obl |
| 30 | calling | call | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 spirit | acl |
| 31 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 calling | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run away | past | the others | away, fast, home property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | the others not said here | a story | there | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP what S»: agent=Agent story=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 3 | lure away | past · perfect · passive | the spirit | others's companion | others's side | away property | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||
| 4 | call | gerund | the spirit not said here | spirit | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/29/52/