Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 53
She was with them, they said, in a shallow part, when suddenly she stood upright and said, “It is calling.”
Who acts: companion, part · What happens: be, say, stand, call · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (companion, part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 them | cop |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 4 them | case |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 She | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | nsubj |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 part | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 part | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 part | det |
| 11 | shallow | shallow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 part | amod |
| 12 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | ccomp |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 stood | punct |
| 14 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 17 stood | advmod |
| 15 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 17 stood | advmod |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 stood | nsubj |
| 17 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 part | parataxis |
| 18 | upright | upright | ADV | _ | 17 stood | advmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 said | cc |
| 20 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 stood | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 calling | punct |
| 22 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 calling | punct |
| 23 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 calling | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 calling | aux |
| 25 | calling | call | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 said | ccomp |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 calling | punct |
| 27 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 part | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | companion not said here | with others = other | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | companion | others = other nsubj; a shallow part ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | stand | past | companion | suddenly, upright property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | companion not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | call in a quote | present · progressive | part | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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