Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Tangalimlibo., sentence 62
On the contrary, they all rushed away frantically, shouting out to the herd boys on the hill sides to drive down the cattle.
Who acts: fellows · What happens: rush away, shout out, drive down · To what, where: contrary, herd boys, cattle
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Tangalimlibo.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 contrary | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 contrary | det |
| 3 | contrary | contrary | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 rushed | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 contrary | punct |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 rushed | nsubj |
| 6 | all | all | ADV | _ | 7 rushed | advmod |
| 7 | rushed | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | away | away | ADV | _ | 7 rushed | advmod |
| 9 | frantically | frantically | ADV | _ | 7 rushed | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 shouting | punct |
| 11 | shouting | shout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 rushed | advcl |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 shouting | compound:prt |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 boys | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 boys | det |
| 15 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 boys | compound |
| 16 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 shouting | obl |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 sides | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sides | det |
| 19 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 sides | compound |
| 20 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 boys | nmod |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 drive | mark |
| 22 | drive | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 shouting | advcl |
| 23 | down | down | ADP | _ | 22 drive | compound:prt |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 cattle | det |
| 25 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 drive | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 rushed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rush away | past | fellows = fellow | the contrary | all, away, frantically property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on contrary=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | shout out speech: express | gerund | fellows = fellow not said here | the herd boys on the hill sides | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to boy=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | drive down | to-infinitive | fellows = fellow not said here | the cattle | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/29/62/