Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I., sentence 34
The woman commenced to hoe the ground again.
Who acts: woman · What happens: commence, hoe · To what, where: ground
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Bird That Made Milk. I.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 woman | det |
| 2 | woman | woman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 commenced | nsubj |
| 3 | commenced | commence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 hoe | mark |
| 5 | hoe | hoe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 commenced | xcomp |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ground | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hoe | obj |
| 8 | again | again | ADV | _ | 5 hoe | advmod |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 commenced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | commence | past | the woman | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | hoe | to-infinitive | the woman not said here | the ground | again | vn funnel-9.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ground=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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