Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 13
They are almost naked having on only a girdle round the waist, and an apron, called cacawe, made for the occasion out of the leaves of a certain plant.
Who acts: men, apron · What happens: be, have on, call, make · To what, where: girdle, cacawe, apron, leaves · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, apron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 naked | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 naked | cop |
| 3 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 4 naked | advmod |
| 4 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 naked | advcl |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 5 having | compound:prt |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 9 girdle | advmod |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 girdle | det |
| 9 | girdle | girdle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 having | obl |
| 10 | round | round | ADP | _ | 12 waist | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 waist | det |
| 12 | waist | waist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 having | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 made | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 made | cc |
| 15 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 apron | det |
| 16 | apron | apron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 made | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 called | punct |
| 18 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 apron | acl |
| 19 | cacawe | cacawe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 called | xcomp |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 made | punct |
| 21 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 naked | parataxis |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 occasion | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 occasion | det |
| 24 | occasion | occasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 made | obl |
| 25 | out | out | ADP | _ | 28 leaves | case |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 leaves | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 leaves | det |
| 28 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 made | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 plant | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 plant | det |
| 31 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 plant | amod |
| 32 | plant | plant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 leaves | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 naked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | men = man | almost, naked property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | have on | gerund | men = man not said here | a girdle | round the waist | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | call | participle | a apron not said here | cacawe | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | make | participle · passive | a apron | the leaves of a certain plant | for the occasion | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Material for occasion=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/30/13/