Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 14
In their hands they hold assagais, using them as walking sticks.
Who acts: men · What happens: hold, use, walk · To what, where: assagais, hands, men, sticks
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 hands | case |
| 2 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 hands | nmod:poss |
| 3 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hold | obl |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 hold | nsubj |
| 5 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | assagais | assagai | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hold | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 using | punct |
| 8 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 hold | advcl |
| 9 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 using | obj |
| 10 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 11 walking | mark |
| 11 | walking | walk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 using | advcl |
| 12 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 walking | obj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | men = man | assagais | men's hands | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent assagai=Theme in hand=Location | |||
| 2 | use | gerund | men = man not said here | men = man | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | ||||
| 3 | walk | gerund | men = man not said here | sticks | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stick=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/30/14/