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Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 15

When all is ready, four of the girls step out of the front row and dance, the rest singing; and when these are tired four others step out, and so on, until all the girls present have danced.

Who acts: all, girls, rest, these, four others · What happens: be, step out, sing, dance · To what, where: front row, girls

This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, girls, rest, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodnsubjcoppunctoblmarkdetnsubjadvclcasecasedetamodoblccconjpunctdetconjaclpunctccmarknsubjcopadvclnummodnsubjparataxiscompound:prtpunctccadvmodadvmodpunctmarkdet:predetdetnsubj:passamodauxconjpunctrootWhenADVallDETisAUXreadyADJ,PUNCTfourNUMofSCONJtheDETgirlsNOUNstepVERBoutADPofADPtheDETfrontADJrowNOUNandCCONJdanceNOUN,PUNCTtheDETrestNOUNsingingVERB;PUNCTandCCONJwhenSCONJthesePRONareAUXtiredADJfourNUMothersNOUNstepVERBoutADP,PUNCTandCCONJsoADVonADV,PUNCTuntilSCONJallDETtheDETgirlsNOUNpresentADJhaveAUXdancedVERB.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1WhenwhenADVPronType=Int4 readyadvmod
2allallDETPronType=Tot4 readynsubj
3isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin4 readycop
4readyreadyADJDegree=Posrootroot
5,,PUNCT_6 fourpunct
6fourfourNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card4 readyobl
7ofofSCONJ_10 stepmark
8thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art9 girlsdet
9girlsgirlNOUNNumber=Plur10 stepnsubj
10stepstepVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin6 fouradvcl
11outoutADP_15 rowcase
12ofofADP_15 rowcase
13thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art15 rowdet
14frontfrontADJDegree=Pos15 rowamod
15rowrowNOUNNumber=Sing10 stepobl
16andandCCONJ_17 dancecc
17dancedanceNOUNNumber=Sing15 rowconj
18,,PUNCT_20 restpunct
19thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art20 restdet
20restrestNOUNNumber=Sing15 rowconj
21singingsingVERBVerbForm=Ger20 restacl
22;;PUNCT_30 steppunct
23andandCCONJ_30 stepcc
24whenwhenSCONJ_27 tiredmark
25thesethisPRONNumber=Plur PronType=Dem27 tirednsubj
26arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin27 tiredcop
27tiredtiredADJDegree=Pos30 stepadvcl
28fourfourNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card29 othersnummod
29othersotherNOUNNumber=Plur30 stepnsubj
30stepstepVERBVerbForm=Inf4 readyparataxis
31outoutADP_30 stepcompound:prt
32,,PUNCT_35 onpunct
33andandCCONJ_35 oncc
34sosoADV_35 onadvmod
35ononADV_30 stepadvmod
36,,PUNCT_43 dancedpunct
37untiluntilSCONJ_43 dancedmark
38allallDETPronType=Tot40 girlsdet:predet
39thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art40 girlsdet
40girlsgirlNOUNNumber=Plur43 dancednsubj:pass
41presentpresentADJDegree=Pos40 girlsamod
42havehaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin43 dancedaux
43danceddanceVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass30 stepconj
44..PUNCT_4 readypunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ispresentallfour obl; ready propertytree rules
2step outpresentthe girlsthe front row and dance and the restvn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location row=Theme
3sing speech: expressgerundthe rest not said herevn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4ispresentthesetired propertytree rules
5step outinfinitivefour othersvn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6dancepresent · perfect · passiveall girlsvn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/30/15/