Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 15
When all is ready, four of the girls step out of the front row and dance, the rest singing; and when these are tired four others step out, and so on, until all the girls present have danced.
Who acts: all, girls, rest, these, four others · What happens: be, step out, sing, dance · To what, where: front row, girls
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, girls, rest, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 ready | advmod |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 ready | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 ready | cop |
| 4 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 four | punct |
| 6 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 ready | obl |
| 7 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 10 step | mark |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 girls | det |
| 9 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 step | nsubj |
| 10 | step | step | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 four | advcl |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 15 row | case |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 row | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 row | det |
| 14 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 row | amod |
| 15 | row | row | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 step | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 dance | cc |
| 17 | dance | dance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 row | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 rest | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rest | det |
| 20 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 row | conj |
| 21 | singing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 rest | acl |
| 22 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 step | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 step | cc |
| 24 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 27 tired | mark |
| 25 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 27 tired | nsubj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 tired | cop |
| 27 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 step | advcl |
| 28 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 others | nummod |
| 29 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 step | nsubj |
| 30 | step | step | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 ready | parataxis |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 30 step | compound:prt |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 on | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 on | cc |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 35 on | advmod |
| 35 | on | on | ADV | _ | 30 step | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 danced | punct |
| 37 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 43 danced | mark |
| 38 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 40 girls | det:predet |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 girls | det |
| 40 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 danced | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 girls | amod |
| 42 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 danced | aux |
| 43 | danced | dance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 step | conj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 ready | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | all | four obl; ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | step out | present | the girls | the front row and dance and the rest | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location row=Theme | ||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | gerund | the rest not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is | present | these | tired property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | step out | infinitive | four others | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | dance | present · perfect · passive | all girls | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/30/15/