Kaffir folk-lore, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane., sentence 18
The dancing is continued until sunset, when the men and women return home, leaving the party of girls (called the “jaka”) who remain overnight.
Who acts: men · What happens: continue, return, leave, call, remain · To what, where: dancing, party · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Story of the Girl Who Disregarded the Custom of Ntonjane.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dancing | det |
| 2 | dancing | dancing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 continued | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 continued | aux:pass |
| 4 | continued | continue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | until | until | ADP | _ | 6 sunset | case |
| 6 | sunset | sunset | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 continued | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 return | punct |
| 8 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 13 return | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 men | det |
| 10 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 return | nsubj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 women | cc |
| 12 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 men | conj |
| 13 | return | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 continued | parataxis |
| 14 | home | home | ADV | _ | 13 return | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 leaving | punct |
| 16 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 remain | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 party | det |
| 18 | party | party | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 leaving | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 girls | case |
| 20 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 party | nmod |
| 21 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 22 called | punct |
| 22 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 leaving | advcl |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 jaka | det |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 jaka | punct |
| 25 | jaka | jaka | X | Foreign=Yes | 22 called | xcomp |
| 26 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 jaka | punct |
| 27 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 22 called | punct |
| 28 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 remain | nsubj |
| 29 | remain | remain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 return | conj |
| 30 | overnight | overnight | ADV | _ | 29 remain | advmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 continued | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | continue | present · passive | the dancing | sunset | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | return | present | the men and women | home property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | leave | gerund | the party of girls | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Theme | |||||
| 4 | call | participle | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | remain | present | who nsubj; overnight property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/30/18/