Kaffir folk-lore, The Story of Sikulume., sentence 2
The games with which Kaffir boys are accustomed to amuse themselves are, as a rule such as require a large amount of exertion of legs, arms and lungs.
Who acts: games, rule · What happens: accustom, amuse, be, require, amount, exert · To what, where: Kaffir boys, boys, large amount, exertion, legs
This is a sentence of «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, The Story of Sikulume.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (games, rule), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 games | det |
| 2 | games | game | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 rule | nsubj |
| 3 | with | with | ADP | _ | 4 which | case |
| 4 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 accustomed | obl |
| 5 | Kaffir | Kaffir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 boys | compound |
| 6 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 accustomed | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 accustomed | aux:pass |
| 8 | accustomed | accustom | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 games | acl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 amuse | mark |
| 10 | amuse | amuse | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 accustomed | xcomp |
| 11 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 amuse | obj |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 rule | cop |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 rule | punct |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 16 rule | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 rule | det |
| 16 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 17 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ | 19 require | mark |
| 18 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 such | fixed |
| 19 | require | require | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 rule | acl |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 amount | det |
| 21 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 amount | amod |
| 22 | amount | amount | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 require | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 exertion | case |
| 24 | exertion | exertion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 amount | nmod |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 legs | case |
| 26 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 exertion | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 arms | punct |
| 28 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 legs | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 lungs | cc |
| 30 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 legs | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 rule | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accustom | present · passive | Kaffir boys | with the games | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | amuse | to-infinitive | boys = boy | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus themselves=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is | present | the games | as a rule | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | require | infinitive | a rule not said here | a large amount of exertion of legs and arms and lungs | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme amount=Precondition | ||||
| 5 | amount | exertion of legs and arms and lungs | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 6 | exert | legs and arms and lungs | nom exertion «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Kaffir folk-lore» by George McCall Theal, Project Gutenberg book 71335 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg71335/32/2/